%PDF-1.4 %âãÏÓ 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 6 /Kids [5 0 R 7 0 R 9 0 R 11 0 R 13 0 R 15 0 R] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /BaseFont /Helvetica >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 6 0 R >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 5321 >> stream BT /F2 22 Tf 0.06 0.08 0.12 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (Your Phone Is Being Tracked Every Time You) Tj ET BT /F2 22 Tf 0.06 0.08 0.12 rg 1 0 0 1 46 762.89 Tm (Drive Past a Camera - Meet SignalTrace) Tj ET BT /F2 11 Tf 0.72 0.14 0.18 rg 1 0 0 1 46 725.89 Tm (TechRounder PDF Edition) Tj ET BT /F1 9.5 Tf 0.36 0.39 0.46 rg 1 0 0 1 46 709.89 Tm (Live article:) Tj ET BT /F1 9.5 Tf 0.36 0.39 0.46 rg 1 0 0 1 46 697.39 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/insights/your-phone-is-being-tracked-every-time-you-drive-past-a-camera-meet-signa) Tj ET BT /F1 9.5 Tf 0.36 0.39 0.46 rg 1 0 0 1 46 684.89 Tm (ltrace/) Tj ET q 0.82 0.85 0.9 RG 1 w 46 666.39 m 549.28 666.39 l S Q BT /F1 10 Tf 0.24 0.27 0.32 rg 1 0 0 1 46 654.39 Tm (By Vipin PG | Published June 18, 2026 | Updated June 18, 2026 | Format: Deep Dive | 10 min read) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.72 0.14 0.18 rg 1 0 0 1 46 631.39 Tm (In brief) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 611.39 Tm (Leonardo's SignalTrace is a surveillance system that clips onto existing roadside license plate) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 596.39 Tm (cameras and silently collects Bluetooth and Wi-Fi signals from every smartphone, smartwatch,) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 581.39 Tm (AirPods, and connected device inside passing vehicles. It then ties those device signals to your license) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 566.39 Tm (plate - creating a trackable digital fingerprint of you and anyone riding in your car.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 541.39 Tm (Every time you drive past a roadside camera, it reads your license plate. That's been happening for) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 526.39 Tm (years, and most people have accepted it as part of modern life.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 504.39 Tm (But here's what's changing: those same cameras are now being upgraded to do something far more) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 489.39 Tm (personal. They can now pick up the signal from your phone, your smartwatch, your wireless earbuds) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 474.39 Tm (- and link all of that directly to your car. Without you knowing. Without your permission. And in most) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 459.39 Tm (parts of the United States, without breaking any law.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 437.39 Tm (The technology behind this is called SignalTrace, and it's made by a company called Leonardo. The) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 422.39 Tm (story broke on June 8, 2026, through a report by 404 Media, and it's been making waves ever since -) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 407.39 Tm (because what it describes isn't something out of a sci-fi thriller. It's already real, already marketed) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 392.39 Tm (to law enforcement, and already raising serious questions about where surveillance ends and) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 377.39 Tm (everyday life begins.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 355.39 Tm (This article breaks it all down in plain terms - what SignalTrace is, how it works, what it can collect,) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 340.39 Tm (and what it means for regular people like you and me.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 312.39 Tm (First, Who Is Leonardo?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 288.39 Tm (Before we get into the technology itself, it helps to know who's behind it.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 266.39 Tm (Leonardo S.p.A. is a large Italian aerospace, defense, and security company headquartered in Rome.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 251.39 Tm (It's publicly traded, and as of June 2026, its market value sits at around €29.76 billion - so this is not) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 236.39 Tm (a small startup. This is a serious, well-funded defense contractor.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 214.39 Tm (Its US branch - Leonardo US Cyber and Security Solutions - already has contracts with the US Special) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 199.39 Tm (Operations Command and the General Services Administration \(GSA\). That means it has established) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 184.39 Tm (relationships with some of the most powerful government procurement channels in the country.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 162.39 Tm (For years, Leonardo has sold a product called ELSAG - a line of automatic license plate readers) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 147.39 Tm (\(ALPRs\) used by police departments, retailers, and municipalities across all 50 US states. SignalTrace) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 132.39 Tm (is built on top of that existing ELSAG infrastructure.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 104.39 Tm (What Exactly Is SignalTrace?) Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 1 of 6) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/your-phone-is-being-tracked-every-time-you-drive-past-a-camera-meet-signaltrace.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj 7 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 8 0 R >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Length 5748 >> stream BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (SignalTrace is described by Leonardo itself as an "advanced signal intelligence system" designed for) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 774.89 Tm (law enforcement. But what does that actually mean in simple terms?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 752.89 Tm (Think of it this way: your phone is constantly broadcasting a signal, even when you're not actively) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 737.89 Tm (using it. Your Bluetooth headphones are doing the same. So is your smartwatch, your fitness tracker,) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 722.89 Tm (your car's built-in Wi-Fi hotspot, and even the tire pressure sensors in your wheels.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 700.89 Tm (Every one of these devices has a unique identifier - a kind of digital fingerprint. Normally, these) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 685.89 Tm (signals just float out into the air and nobody pays attention to them. SignalTrace changes that. It places) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 670.89 Tm (sensors near existing license plate cameras that capture those identifiers as your car drives by - and) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 655.89 Tm (then ties them to your license plate number and the exact time and location of the pass.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 633.89 Tm (The result is a detailed record that says: "This car, with this plate, carrying these specific devices,) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 618.89 Tm (passed this location at this exact time.") Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 596.89 Tm (And because those device identifiers are unique to your phone, your earbuds, your watch - they're) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 581.89 Tm (unique to you, not just your car. That's the significant shift here. It moves from tracking vehicles to) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 566.89 Tm (tracking people.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 538.89 Tm (What Signals Can SignalTrace Actually Collect?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 514.89 Tm (This is where it gets surprisingly broad. According to Leonardo's own product sheet, SignalTrace can) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 499.89 Tm (detect and log signals from:) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 477.89 Tm (- Mobile phones - your iPhone, Android, or any other smartphone) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 461.09 Tm (- Bluetooth wearables - smartwatches, fitness trackers like Fitbit or Garmin, wireless earbuds like) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 447.29 Tm (AirPods) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 430.49 Tm (- Vehicle components - your car's infotainment system, built-in Wi-Fi hotspot, tire pressure monitoring) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 416.69 Tm (sensors) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 399.89 Tm (- RFID tags - key cards, access badges, even pet microchips) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 383.09 Tm (- Laptops and tablets - anything connected via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 366.29 Tm (- Asset tags and luggage tags - yes, even tracking tags like AirTags or similar) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 349.49 Tm (To be clear, Leonardo says the system does not read the content of your communications - it's not) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 334.49 Tm (intercepting your messages or listening to calls. What it collects are the unique identifier codes that) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 319.49 Tm (your devices broadcast passively. But those identifiers, when linked to your plate and location over) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 304.49 Tm (time, tell a very detailed story about where you go and who you're with.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 282.49 Tm (The company calls this an "electronic fingerprint.") Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 254.49 Tm (How Does the "Electronic Fingerprint" Actually Work?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 230.49 Tm (Here's the clever - and concerning - part of how SignalTrace builds its profiles.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 208.49 Tm (When you pass a SignalTrace-equipped camera multiple times, the system notices that the same group) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 193.49 Tm (of devices keeps appearing together with the same car. Over time, it links those devices to that) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 178.49 Tm (specific vehicle. So even if you change your license plate, swap your car, or drive a rental - if you) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 163.49 Tm (have the same phone and the same smartwatch, the system can still recognize you by your device) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 148.49 Tm (combination.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 126.49 Tm (The company's own materials describe it as revealing "signatures frequently travelling together with) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 111.49 Tm (an individual or vehicle, which can lead to the discovery of convoys and other movement and travel) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 96.49 Tm (patterns.") Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 2 of 6) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/your-phone-is-being-tracked-every-time-you-drive-past-a-camera-meet-signaltrace.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj 9 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 10 0 R >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Length 6002 >> stream BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (All of this data is stored in what Leonardo calls the Enterprise Operations Center \(EOC\) - a centralized) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 774.89 Tm (data management system where agencies can run queries, search historical records, and set alerts) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 759.89 Tm (for specific device signatures.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 737.89 Tm (In other words, if an investigator knows your phone's Bluetooth identifier, they can search the) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 722.89 Tm (database and pull up every time and place that identifier was detected - building a timeline of your) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 707.89 Tm (movements going back as far as the data retention policy allows.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 679.89 Tm (Where Is SignalTrace Being Deployed?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 655.89 Tm (Leonardo markets SignalTrace primarily to law enforcement agencies, but the company has also) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 640.89 Tm (pitched it directly to the retail sector as a tool for combating organized retail crime.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 618.89 Tm (On its website, Leonardo specifically mentions deployment in:) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 596.89 Tm (- Highways and road intersections - the core ALPR use case, now extended with device tracking) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 580.09 Tm (- Parking lots - to monitor vehicle movements and flag suspicious activity) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 563.29 Tm (- Shopping malls and retail stores - to track and identify individuals involved in theft rings) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 546.49 Tm (- Subways and off-road areas - Leonardo notes SignalTrace works even without a license plate reader at) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 532.69 Tm (every site, giving it flexibility in locations where cameras aren't feasible) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 515.89 Tm (The existing ELSAG camera network already covers all 50 US states, which means the infrastructure) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 500.89 Tm (to deploy SignalTrace at scale is already in place. No new camera installations needed - just sensor) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 485.89 Tm (upgrades to cameras that are already there.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 463.89 Tm (As of mid-2026, no specific agencies or deployment timelines have been publicly named. But the) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 448.89 Tm (procurement pathways through GSA and US Special Operations Command contracts make it easier for) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 433.89 Tm (federal and law enforcement agencies to adopt the technology without a traditional public review) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 418.89 Tm (process.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 390.89 Tm (Is This Legal? Here's the Uncomfortable Answer) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 366.89 Tm (This is the part most people find surprising: in most of the United States, yes - it appears to be legal. At) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 351.89 Tm (least for now.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 329.89 Tm (There is currently no federal law that explicitly prohibits law enforcement from passively collecting) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 314.89 Tm (Bluetooth or Wi-Fi identifiers from devices in public spaces. The legal argument on Leonardo's side is) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 299.89 Tm (straightforward: your devices are broadcasting these signals openly into the air. You're in a public) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 284.89 Tm (space. There's no reasonable expectation of privacy for a signal you're voluntarily emitting.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 262.89 Tm (Courts have generally applied similar reasoning to license plate data - if your plate is visible in public,) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 247.89 Tm (capturing it isn't considered a search under the Fourth Amendment. Companies like Leonardo argue) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 232.89 Tm (the same logic applies to device signals.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 210.89 Tm (However, legal experts and privacy advocates point out that this reasoning has limits. The US Supreme) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 195.89 Tm (Court ruled in Carpenter v. United States \(2018\) that long-term location tracking does require a) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 180.89 Tm (warrant, even when the data comes from third-party sources. SignalTrace's ability to build historical) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 165.89 Tm (movement profiles could fall under similar scrutiny - but that legal battle hasn't been fought yet.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 143.89 Tm (The current situation by state:) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 121.89 Tm (- Some states have passed laws requiring ALPR data to be deleted after a set period) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 105.09 Tm (- Others allow indefinite data retention) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 88.29 Tm (- No state has yet passed specific legislation governing Bluetooth or Wi-Fi identifier collection via roadside) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 74.49 Tm (sensors) Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 3 of 6) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/your-phone-is-being-tracked-every-time-you-drive-past-a-camera-meet-signaltrace.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj 11 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 12 0 R >> endobj 12 0 obj << /Length 5848 >> stream BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (So the short answer is: this is operating in a legal grey zone, and the rules are likely to be tested in) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 774.89 Tm (courts over the coming years.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 746.89 Tm (Why Are Privacy Advocates So Concerned?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 722.89 Tm (The core concern isn't really about catching criminals - it's about what happens to the data on) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 707.89 Tm (everyone else.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 685.89 Tm (SignalTrace doesn't only scan cars that are under investigation. It scans every single car that passes a) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 670.89 Tm (sensor. All of that data gets stored. All of it can be queried later. That means:) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 648.89 Tm (- A journalist driving to meet a confidential source could have their phone linked to that source's car in a) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 635.09 Tm (permanent database) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 618.29 Tm (- A patient visiting a sensitive medical clinic could have their movements logged, retained, and potentially) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 604.49 Tm (accessible to parties beyond the investigating agency) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 587.69 Tm (- A protester or political activist attending a rally could have their presence there documented via device) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 573.89 Tm (tracking - even without a face being captured) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 557.09 Tm (- Your social connections could be inferred from which devices consistently travel near yours) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 540.29 Tm (The American Civil Liberties Union \(ACLU\) has called for strict limits on tools like this. The concern is) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 525.29 Tm (that each individual data point - a plate scan here, a Bluetooth ping there - looks small and harmless in) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 510.29 Tm (isolation. But the power of SignalTrace is in connecting all of those dots into a rich, searchable profile.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 495.29 Tm (That aggregation is what creates the surveillance risk.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 473.29 Tm (And there's another practical worry: data breaches. All of this data sitting in a centralized server is a) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 458.29 Tm (target. Leonardo says agencies control their own data and the company itself cannot access it. But) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 443.29 Tm (centralized databases of sensitive location and identity data have a long history of being compromised.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 415.29 Tm (What Does Leonardo Say in Its Defense?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 391.29 Tm (To be fair, Leonardo has responded to some of these concerns, at least on paper. Here's what the) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 376.29 Tm (company says:) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 354.29 Tm (- No content is read: SignalTrace collects identifiers, not the actual content of communications. Your) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 340.49 Tm (messages, calls, and data are not being intercepted.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 323.69 Tm (- Data belongs to the agency: Leonardo says it has no access to the data collected by its clients. The agency) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 309.89 Tm (owns it, controls it, and decides what to do with it.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 293.09 Tm (- Compliance with local and federal guidelines: Leonardo says its systems are designed to meet regulatory) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 279.29 Tm (requirements and that it supports agencies in ensuring legal compliance.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 262.49 Tm (- Investigation-only access: The system is designed so that stored data is only queried when a specific) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 248.69 Tm (investigative request is made - it's not being browsed freely.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 231.89 Tm (- Strict data security: Leonardo claims multi-level access controls, user auditing, and transparent logging of) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 218.09 Tm (who accesses what data.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 201.29 Tm (Whether those assurances are enough is a question that regulators, courts, and the public will) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 186.29 Tm (ultimately have to answer. The concern from critics is that good intentions in the product design don't) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 171.29 Tm (prevent misuse once the data exists and is retained at scale.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 143.29 Tm (Can You Do Anything to Protect Yourself?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 119.29 Tm (This is the question most people ask - and the honest answer is that your options are limited, but not) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 104.29 Tm (zero.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 76.29 Tm (Things you can actually do:) Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 4 of 6) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/your-phone-is-being-tracked-every-time-you-drive-past-a-camera-meet-signaltrace.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 14 0 R >> endobj 14 0 obj << /Length 5809 >> stream BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (- Turn off Bluetooth when you're not using it. If your phone's Bluetooth is off, it's not broadcasting an) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 776.09 Tm (identifier that can be captured. This is the single most effective step you can take.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 759.29 Tm (- Disable Wi-Fi when not connected to a network. Similarly, your phone scans for Wi-Fi networks and) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 745.49 Tm (broadcasts signals in the process. Turning it off removes that data point.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 728.69 Tm (- Keep your phone in airplane mode when driving, if privacy is a concern for a particular trip. This) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 714.89 Tm (disables all wireless signals.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 698.09 Tm (- Be aware of randomized MAC addresses. Modern iPhones and newer Android phones do randomize their) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 684.29 Tm (Bluetooth MAC addresses periodically as a privacy feature. However, research has shown that) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 670.49 Tm (sophisticated tracking systems can still link devices over time through behavioral patterns and signal) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 656.69 Tm (fingerprinting.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 633.89 Tm (Things that won't help much:) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 611.89 Tm (- Turning off location services on your phone does not stop Bluetooth or Wi-Fi signals from being emitted) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 595.09 Tm (- Switching to a VPN doesn't affect Bluetooth or radio signal broadcasts) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 578.29 Tm (- There is no "opt out" mechanism - the sensors don't ask for permission) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 561.49 Tm (The broader solution, if there is one, will have to come through legislation and legal challenges - not) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 546.49 Tm (individual technical workarounds.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 518.49 Tm (The Bigger Picture: This Is a Turning Point) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 494.49 Tm (What makes SignalTrace significant isn't just the technology itself - it's what it represents about) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 479.49 Tm (where surveillance infrastructure is heading.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 457.49 Tm (For years, license plate readers were a single-purpose tool: track vehicles. They were controversial) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 442.49 Tm (enough on their own. But SignalTrace shows that the same physical infrastructure - the poles, the) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 427.49 Tm (cameras, the power supply, the network connections - can be incrementally upgraded to do far more.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 405.49 Tm (Security experts and analysts have noted that once SignalTrace becomes a standard feature of one) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 390.49 Tm (ALPR vendor, competitors will likely follow. Companies like Axon and Motorola Solutions, which also) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 375.49 Tm (make license plate readers, may face pressure to add similar device-correlation capabilities to their) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 360.49 Tm (own product lines to remain competitive.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 338.49 Tm (We're moving from a world where surveillance systems track things - cars, objects - to one where) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 323.49 Tm (they track people, identified by the collection of devices they carry. And the transition is happening) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 308.49 Tm (quietly, through incremental product upgrades, not dramatic new camera installations.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 286.49 Tm (The next few years will likely see significant legal battles over where the line gets drawn - between) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 271.49 Tm (legitimate law enforcement capability and mass surveillance of an entire population that hasn't done) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 256.49 Tm (anything wrong.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 228.49 Tm (Final Thoughts) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 204.49 Tm (SignalTrace isn't a hypothetical future technology. It's a marketed, commercially available product) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 189.49 Tm (from a multi-billion dollar company with existing government contracts. It's designed to be added to) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 174.49 Tm (cameras that are already out there on streets, highways, and parking lots across the United States.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 152.49 Tm (Most people driving past one of these cameras have no idea this is happening. That's what makes it) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 137.49 Tm (worth knowing about - not to create panic, but because informed people make better decisions about) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 122.49 Tm (how they use their devices, which laws they support, and what they ask their representatives to do.) Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 5 of 6) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/your-phone-is-being-tracked-every-time-you-drive-past-a-camera-meet-signaltrace.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj 15 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 16 0 R >> endobj 16 0 obj << /Length 1582 >> stream BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (The debate about how much surveillance is acceptable in a public space is one that societies have had) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 774.89 Tm (before, and will continue to have. SignalTrace is just the latest - and probably not the last - example of) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 759.89 Tm (how technology keeps moving faster than the laws designed to govern it.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 737.89 Tm (If you found this helpful, share it with someone who still thinks surveillance technology only affects) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 722.89 Tm (people in movies.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 694.89 Tm (References) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 674.89 Tm (1. en.wikipedia.org - wiki / United_States_Special_Operations_Command -) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 661.39 Tm (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 643.89 Tm (2. sciencedirect.com - topics / computer-science -) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 630.39 Tm (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/surveillance-technology) Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 6 of 6) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/your-phone-is-being-tracked-every-time-you-drive-past-a-camera-meet-signaltrace.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj xref 0 17 0000000000 65535 f 0000000015 00000 n 0000000064 00000 n 0000000154 00000 n 0000000224 00000 n 0000000299 00000 n 0000000441 00000 n 0000005813 00000 n 0000005955 00000 n 0000011754 00000 n 0000011897 00000 n 0000017951 00000 n 0000018095 00000 n 0000023995 00000 n 0000024139 00000 n 0000030000 00000 n 0000030144 00000 n trailer << /Size 17 /Root 1 0 R >> startxref 31778 %%EOF