%PDF-1.4 %âãÏÓ 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 3 /Kids [5 0 R 7 0 R 9 0 R] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /BaseFont /Helvetica >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 6 0 R >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 5443 >> stream BT /F2 22 Tf 0.06 0.08 0.12 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (5G Network Technology & Security) Tj ET BT /F2 11 Tf 0.72 0.14 0.18 rg 1 0 0 1 46 752.89 Tm (TechRounder PDF Edition) Tj ET BT /F1 9.5 Tf 0.36 0.39 0.46 rg 1 0 0 1 46 736.89 Tm (Live article: https://www.techrounder.com/technology/5g-network-technology-security/) Tj ET q 0.82 0.85 0.9 RG 1 w 46 718.39 m 549.28 718.39 l S Q BT /F1 10 Tf 0.24 0.27 0.32 rg 1 0 0 1 46 706.39 Tm (By Vipin PG | Published April 20, 2021 | Updated March 8, 2026 | Format: Article | 5 min read) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.72 0.14 0.18 rg 1 0 0 1 46 683.39 Tm (In brief) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 663.39 Tm (5G network capabilities go beyond the highest ever speed of mobile Internet connection. The new) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 648.39 Tm (mobile communication standard can become a universal infrastructure for interaction between people,) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 633.39 Tm (smart devices, organizations, and even the economy's sectors.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 608.39 Tm (5G network capabilities go beyond the highest ever speed of mobile Internet connection. The new) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 593.39 Tm (mobile communication standard can become a universal infrastructure for interaction between people,) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 578.39 Tm (smart devices, organizations, and even the economy's sectors.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 556.39 Tm (Such total connectivity has a dark side as emerging cyber threats are growing to an ever-greater) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 541.39 Tm (scale. This article discusses current 5G network security threats and the basics of ensuring their) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 526.39 Tm (protection.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 498.39 Tm (How can 5G be used?) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 474.39 Tm (Unlike the previous generations of mobile networks aimed at mass consumption \(voice communication) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 459.39 Tm (services, mobile Internet access\), the 5G standard is being created mainly for the benefit of the) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 444.39 Tm (corporate and public sectors. Three main scenarios for using 5G networks include:) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 422.39 Tm (1. Enhanced Mobile Broadband \(eMBB\) with peak data rates up to 25 Gbps. Application: 4K live streaming,) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 408.59 Tm (AR/VR services, cloud gaming, and other high-traffic services.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 391.79 Tm (2. Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication \(URLLC.\) Data transmission latency reduced to 1ms.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 377.99 Tm (Application: self-driving vehicles, remote technologies \(for example, robotic surgery\).) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 361.19 Tm (3. Massive Machine-Type Communication \(mMTC\) that may support up to 1M base station connections per) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 347.39 Tm (km2. Application: development of consumer and industrial IoT \(power supply, manufacturing, safe city,) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 333.59 Tm (etc.\).) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 310.79 Tm (Security Threat Architecture and Landscape) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 286.79 Tm (Let us review the key architectural features of 5G networks and the associated security challenges.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 264.79 Tm (1. The radio access network \(RAN\) builds upon the new 5G NR \(New Radio\) standard that enables necessary) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 250.99 Tm (characteristics for a given scenario to be achieved: bandwidth, minimum latency, or massive connections.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 237.19 Tm (According to the concept of converged architecture, other radio access networks \(4G-LTE, Wi-Fi\) must be) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 223.39 Tm (connected to a single core of the 5G network. Possible risks: A large number of connections and high) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 209.59 Tm (bandwidth increase the attack surface. IoT devices are less hack proof.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 192.79 Tm (2. The backbone architecture \(network core or 5G Core\) is based on cloud technologies and virtualization of) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 178.99 Tm (network functions \(NFV, SDN\), which allows creating many independent segments and supporting services) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 165.19 Tm (with a different set of characteristics. Segmentation also allows providers to offer network) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 151.39 Tm (infrastructure as a service to organizations. Possible risks: Increased impacts of failures or abuses due) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 137.59 Tm (to the scale of use.) Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 1 of 3) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/5g-network-technology-security.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj 7 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 8 0 R >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Length 5066 >> stream BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (3. 5G involves the active use of mobile edge computing technology \(MEC\). These can be, in particular,) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 776.09 Tm (corporate applications running on service provider's networks: intelligent services, financial services,) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 762.29 Tm (multimedia, etc. It should be noted that in this case, the 5G provider's networks are integrated into the) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 748.49 Tm (corporate infrastructure. Possible risks: New opportunities for entering corporate networks, placement of) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 734.69 Tm (MEC equipment outside the protected perimeter of an organization.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 717.89 Tm (4. Centralized network management \(O&M\) infrastructure is getting more complex as it supports many) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 704.09 Tm (service segments at once. Possible risks: More serious consequences of resource abuse and/or O&M) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 690.29 Tm (configuration errors.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 673.49 Tm (Among the most significant threats to each of the main components of the 5G network are the) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 658.49 Tm (following:) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 630.49 Tm (Threats to RAN) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 608.49 Tm (- DDoS traffic generated by terminal devices.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 591.69 Tm (- Introduction of fake base stations.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 574.89 Tm (- Attacks on wireless interfaces: user's data interception, spoofing.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 552.09 Tm (Threats to the backbone network and operator services) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 530.09 Tm (- Software and hardware failures of core elements, misconfiguration.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 513.29 Tm (- Malicious code Infections or exploitation of vulnerabilities of infrastructure components.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 496.49 Tm (- Violation of segment isolation, unauthorized access.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 473.69 Tm (Threats to MEC) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 451.69 Tm (- Physical access of an attacker to the equipment.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 434.89 Tm (- Fake or vulnerable third-party applications.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 418.09 Tm (- Infiltration into corporate or provider networks through MEC nodes.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 395.29 Tm (Threats to 5G infrastructure posed by external networks) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 373.29 Tm (- DDoS attacks originating from the Internet) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 356.49 Tm (- Unauthorized access to the service provider APIs.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 339.69 Tm (- Unauthorized access to the control panel.) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 316.89 Tm (Protection Approaches) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 292.89 Tm (Based on the current versions of the 5G standard, as well as on international experience in the) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 277.89 Tm (development of complex security solutions, let me determine what measures will be necessary to) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 262.89 Tm (counter threats inherent in 5G networks:) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 234.89 Tm (1. Protection at the standard level) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 212.89 Tm (- Splitting data transfer protocol layers into the three planes: Control Plane, User Plane, Management Plane.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 199.09 Tm (Isolation, encryption, and plane integrity control.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 182.29 Tm (- Encryption of subscribers' and signaling traffic.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 165.49 Tm (- Increasing the size of the traffic encryption key from 128 bits to 256 bits.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 148.69 Tm (- Introduction of the unified subscriber authentication mechanism for various types of wireless) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 134.89 Tm (communication.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 118.09 Tm (- Support flexible security policies for segments.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 95.29 Tm (2. Protection at the level of solutions, equipment, and network infrastructure) Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 2 of 3) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/5g-network-technology-security.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj 9 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 2 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.28 841.89] /Resources << /Font << /F1 3 0 R /F2 4 0 R >> >> /Contents 10 0 R >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Length 5783 >> stream BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 789.89 Tm (- Multi-layer isolation and protection of the integrity of SDN and VNF components, including the hypervisor,) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 776.09 Tm (virtual machines, OS, and containers.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 759.29 Tm (- Ensuring high availability of virtual machines for fast recovery from various attacks .) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 742.49 Tm (- Authentication of MEC applications.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 725.69 Tm (- Authorization of API requests.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 708.89 Tm (- Using multi-factor authentication when accessing the corporate network.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 692.09 Tm (- Using whitelisting of devices and services.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 675.29 Tm (- Protected communication channels between a base station, MEC, and corporate networks.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 658.49 Tm (- Trusted hardware environment, secure device boot.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 641.69 Tm (- Detection of attacks in real-time aimed at network nodes and virtual infrastructure components employing) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 627.89 Tm (AI algorithms.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 605.09 Tm (3. Protection at the network management level) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 583.09 Tm (- Multi-factor authentication and delimitation of access to segments by O&M.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 566.29 Tm (- Fake base station detection tools that leverage the monitoring of service events.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 549.49 Tm (- Safe management of the user data, as well as analytical and service data of the provider: encryption,) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 535.69 Tm (anonymization, safe storage, and deletion.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 518.89 Tm (- Centralized management of vulnerabilities and information security policies, big data analysis for) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 505.09 Tm (anomaly detection, and early response to attacks.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 488.29 Tm (The security of 5G networks is not to be limited to technical protection measures. It should encompass) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 473.29 Tm (joint efforts of mutually trusting parties which include standard developers, regulators, vendors, and) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 458.29 Tm (service providers.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 436.29 Tm (The introduction of a new mobile cybersecurity scheme is underway. GSMA and 3GPP are developing) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 421.29 Tm (it jointly with a range of cybersecurity regulators, including NESAS / SCAS \(Network Equipment) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 406.29 Tm (Security Assurance Scheme / Security Assurance Specifications\).) Tj ET BT /F2 15 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 378.29 Tm (NESAS / SCAS provides the following benefits) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 354.29 Tm (- Protection for the most specialized industrial access points and associated security threats that have to do) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 340.49 Tm (with radio interface, NAS, web security, and more.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 323.69 Tm (- Unified, measurable, readily available, comparable, understandable, and applicable specifications.) Tj ET BT /F1 10.5 Tf 0.2 0.23 0.28 rg 1 0 0 1 46 306.89 Tm (- Reduced fragmentation of security requirements and reduced unnecessary provider costs.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 290.09 Tm (The providers, by using these solutions, save time and costs while doing vendor assessments. They) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 275.09 Tm (will be able to define strict and uniform safety standards and ensure a high level of safety.) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 253.09 Tm (Wrapping up this article, it is worth promoting the idea of creating joint innovative projects) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 238.09 Tm (\(vendor-provider - OTT provider - B2B and B2G clients\) aimed at testing how commercial products) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 223.09 Tm (for 5G networks would use cybersecurity standards and the best practices. Projects like these can) Tj ET BT /F1 11 Tf 0.14 0.16 0.2 rg 1 0 0 1 46 208.09 Tm (also demonstrate how 5G security features can be properly used and improved.) Tj ET BT /F2 13 Tf 0.08 0.1 0.14 rg 1 0 0 1 46 180.09 Tm (References) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 160.09 Tm (1. techgenyz.com - 2021 / 03 -) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 146.59 Tm (https://www.techgenyz.com/2021/03/23/attacks-on-supercomputers-new-threat-may-turn-world-upside-down) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 133.09 Tm (/) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 115.59 Tm (2. iotforall.com - enhancing-iot-security - https://www.iotforall.com/enhancing-iot-security) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 98.09 Tm (3. macsecurity.net - view / 279-remove-searchbaron-virus-from-mac -) Tj ET BT /F1 10 Tf 0.18 0.2 0.24 rg 1 0 0 1 46 84.59 Tm (https://macsecurity.net/view/279-remove-searchbaron-virus-from-mac) Tj ET q 0.86 0.88 0.92 RG 1 w 46 42 m 549.28 42 l S Q BT /F1 8.4 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 30 Tm (TechRounder | Page 3 of 3) Tj ET BT /F1 7.2 Tf 0.42 0.45 0.5 rg 1 0 0 1 46 19 Tm (https://www.techrounder.com/pdf/blog/5g-network-technology-security.pdf) Tj ET endstream endobj xref 0 11 0000000000 65535 f 0000000015 00000 n 0000000064 00000 n 0000000133 00000 n 0000000203 00000 n 0000000278 00000 n 0000000420 00000 n 0000005914 00000 n 0000006056 00000 n 0000011173 00000 n 0000011316 00000 n trailer << /Size 11 /Root 1 0 R >> startxref 17151 %%EOF